By Dr. ROBERT STRONY

UPMC Emergency Medicine

May is Stroke Awareness Month, a time to educate ourselves and our communities about one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Stroke can happen suddenly and without warning. When it occurs, time is brain.

Every minute that passes can mean the difference between recovery and long-term disability, or even life and death.

That’s why it’s critical to recognize the signs of a stroke and act fast. Many people’s first instinct is to call their primary care provider when something feels “off.” But if you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of a stroke, do not call your doctor.

Call 911 immediately.

BE FAST Remembering the acronym, BE FAST, can help you remember the most common signs of a stroke:

■ Balance: Sudden loss of balance or coordination

■ Eyes: Sudden blurred or double vision, or loss of vision in one or both eyes

■ Face drooping: One side of the face droops or feels numb. Ask the person to smile.

■ Arm weakness: One arm is weak or numb. Ask the person to raise both arms.

■ Speech difficulty: Slurred speech or difficulty speaking or understanding

■ Time to call 911: If any of these symptoms are present — even if they go away — call 911.

Time matters A stroke occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked. This deprives brain cells of oxygen and nutrients, causing cells to die. The faster a person receives emergency treatment, the more likely they are to avoid permanent damage. Some stroke treatments are only effective if given within a narrow window of time. This is often within three to four and a half hours of the first symptom. Calling 911 ensures that care starts on the way to the hospital and that the stroke team is ready upon arrival.

Preventing stroke While not all strokes can be prevented, managing your risk factors can make a significant difference. Controlling high blood pressure, maintaining healthy cholesterol levels, managing diabetes, quitting smoking, staying physically active, and monitoring conditions like atrial fibrillation (AFib) are all crucial steps.

During Stroke Awareness Month, take time to learn your risk factors and talk to your primary care provider about steps you can take to protect your brain health.